Low-power driving apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

A low-power driving apparatus and method are provided. The low-power driving apparatus includes an illuminance-sensing module to sense illuminance, a minimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module to determine a minimum perceivable brightness having non-linear characteristics corresponding to the sensed illuminance, a driving-power-level-determination module to determine a power level based on the determined minimum perceivable brightness, and a driving module to display an image input according to the determined driving power level.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No.2007-12852 filed on Feb. 7, 2007, in the Korean Intellectual PropertyOffice, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference inits entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

Aspects of the invention relate to a low-power driving apparatus andmethod, and more particularly to a low-power driving apparatus andmethod that can reduce driving power by dynamically controllingbrightness of a display monitor based on ambient conditions.

2. Description of the Related Art

Personal portable terminals such as mobile phones or PDAs offerunprecedented user convenience due to advantageous features, includingportability, mobility, and the like. In this regard, however, it isnecessary to minimize power consumed by the personal portable terminalsdue to such features.

For example, among various components forming a personal portableterminal, a component for supplying a light source to display an image,e.g., backlight unit, consumes the majority of power consumed in thepersonal portable terminal. In such a case, by reducing the powerconsumed by the backlight unit and a luminance reduction rate due to thereduced power consumption is compensated for by digitally processingimage information, thereby achieving a low-driving power effect of thepersonal portable terminal while maintaining the overall luminance ofthe image perceived by the user.

Meanwhile, personal portable terminals are exposed to various conditionsdue to such characteristics, by which a user may differently perceivebrightness of an image appearing on a display monitor depending onambient illuminance even if light having a constant magnitude iscontinuously supplied from a backlight unit, that is, the luminance ofthe display monitor is uniform. Consequently, visual perception of theimage may deteriorate and power consumption may be caused due tounnecessarily high luminance.

Accordingly, there is a need for a personal portable terminal capable ofachieving a low-power driving effect while maintaining the brightness ofan image at a minimum level even when the ambient illuminance ischanged.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the invention relate to low-power driving that can reducedriving power in a restricted power supply condition of a mobile deviceby dynamically controlling brightness of a display monitor based on theambient condition.

Aspects of the invention also relate to low-power driving that canreduce driving power in a restricted power supply condition of a mobiledevice by dynamically controlling brightness of a display monitor basedon the image content as well as the ambient condition.

According to an aspect of the invention, a low-power driving apparatusincludes an illuminance-sensing module to sense illuminance, aminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module to determine aminimum perceivable brightness having non-linear characteristicscorresponding to the sensed illuminance, adriving-power-level-determination module to determine a power levelbased on the determined minimum perceivable brightness, and a drivingmodule to display an image input according to the determined drivingpower level.

According to an aspect of the invention, a low-power driving methodincludes sensing illuminance, determining a minimum perceivablebrightness having non-linear characteristics corresponding to the sensedilluminance, determining a power level based on the determined minimumperceivable brightness, and displaying an image input according to thedetermined driving-power level.

Additional aspects and/or advantages of the invention will be set forthin part in the description that follows and, in part, will be obviousfrom the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and/or other aspects and advantages of the invention willbecome apparent and more readily appreciated from the followingdescription of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a low-power driving apparatus according toan aspect of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a low-power driving method accordingto an aspect of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the luminance of a display monitor withrespect to ambient illuminance according to an aspect of the invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a look-up table according to an aspect of theinvention;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a low-power driving apparatus according toanother aspect of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a low-power driving apparatus according tostill another aspect of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary luminance histogram of anarbitrary input image according to an aspect of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a representative luminance histogram for characteristics ofeach image category according to an aspect of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a graphical representation illustrating luminance variationsusing a tone-mapping function (TMF) according to an aspect of theinvention;

FIG. 10 shows variable gain values allocated to the respective pixelsconstituting an input image according to an aspect of the invention; and

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an image processing processaccording to an aspect of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made to embodiments of the invention, examples ofwhich are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein like referencenumerals refer to like elements throughout. The embodiments aredescribed below in order to explain the invention by referring to thefigures.

The invention is described hereinafter with reference to flowchartillustrations of methods according to aspects of the invention. It willbe understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, andcombinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations, can beimplemented by computer program instructions. These computer programinstructions can be provided to a processor of a general purposecomputer, special purpose computer, or other programmable dataprocessing apparatus to create means for implementing the functionsspecified in the flowchart block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computerusable or computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions implement the function specified inthe flowchart block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded into a computer orother programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series ofoperations to be performed on the computer or other programmableapparatus to produce a computer implemented process for implementing thefunctions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.

In addition, each block may represent a module, a segment, or a portionof code, which may comprise one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical functions. It should also be notedthat in other implementations, the functions noted in the blocks mayoccur out of the order noted or in different configurations of hardwareand software. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact,be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes beexecuted in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a low-power driving apparatus according toan aspect of the invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the low-power driving apparatus 100, e.g., aportable mobile device, includes an illuminance-sensing module 110, adriving-power-level-determination module 120, aminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130, a drivingmodule 140, and a display module 150.

The illuminance-sensing module 110 senses illuminance of a location atwhich the low-power driving apparatus 100 is positioned. To this end,the illuminance-sensing module 110 may comprise a light sensor such as aphotodiode, a photo-transistor, or a photo-conductor.

The driving-power-level-determination module 120 determines a drivingpower level based on minimum perceivable brightness determined by thesensed illuminance. The driving power level may be an intensity of alight source for displaying an image.

Based on the sensed illuminance, theminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 determines aminimum brightness perceived by a user under a condition in which thelow-power driving apparatus 100 is currently placed. Then, thedetermined minimum perceivable brightness is provided to thedriving-power-level-determination module 120 to control the drivingpower.

The driving module 140 supplies a light source for displaying an imageaccording to the driving power level determined by thedriving-power-level-determination module 120. The driving module 140 maybe a component for providing the light source for displaying an image,e.g., a backlight unit.

The display module 150 displays an image using the light source suppliedfrom the driving module 140.

Operations among various modules shown in FIG. 1 will now be describedin detail with reference to FIG. 2.

First, in operation S210, the illuminance-sensing module 110 sensesilluminance of a location at which the low-power driving apparatus 100is positioned, and the sensed illuminance information is then suppliedto the driving-power-level-determination module 120.

In operation S220, the driving-power-level-determination module 120supplies the illuminance information to theminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130, and theminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 determines aminimum perceivable brightness using the supplied illuminanceinformation. While FIG. 1 shows that theminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 receives theilluminance information from the driving-power-level-determinationmodule 120, the invention is not limited to the illustrated example, andthe minimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 may receivethe illuminance information directly from the illuminance-sensing module110.

The minimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 determines aminimum perceivable brightness as follows.

The invention is based on the concept that brightness of a displaymonitor can be adaptively controlled according to ambient illuminancedepending on human visual characteristics.

According to research into the human visual brightness perception, astaught in, for example, H.-W. Bodmann, P. Haubner, and A. M. Marsden, “AUnified Relationship between Brightness and Luminance,” Proceedings ofthe 19th Session of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE),Kyoto, Japan, 1979, pp. 99-102, republished in Siemens Forschungs-undEntwicklungsberichte, Vol. 9, No. 6, 1980, p. 315-318, the imagebrightness perceived by a human, that is, the perceived brightness, canroughly be expressed as an exponential function of driving power of theimage luminance. In particular, as expressed in Equation 1, it was foundthat the perceived brightness could be modeled as a function associatedwith ambient illuminance as well as the image luminance:B=C _(T)(φ)L _(T) ^(n) −S ₁(φ)L _(u) ^(n) −C _(T)(φ)S ₀(φ)  (1)

In Equation (1), n=0.31±0.03, φ is a visual angle, C_(T)(φ), S₁(φ), andS₀(φ) are constants determined by the visual angle. Here, the brightnessB is an arbitrarily set value on an assumption that the brightness isset to 100 when L_(T)=L_(u)=300 cd/m².

When the exponent of the image brightness perceived by the user isfixed, the function of the image brightness depending on the ambientilluminance can be obtained using Equation (1). It can be derived thatthe same image brightness level is perceived at a given image luminancelevel with a given ambient illuminance level in Equation (1).

In Equation (1), assuming that L_(T), denotes luminance of a lightsource provided by the driving module 140, and L_(u) denotes ambientluminance, the relationship between L_(T) and L_(u) for maintainingbrightness scales perceived at the same level can be obtained usingEquation (2) by setting B as a constant:

$\begin{matrix}{L_{T} = \left( {{\frac{S_{1}(\phi)}{C_{T}(\phi)}L_{u}^{n}} + {S_{o}(\phi)} + \frac{B}{C_{T}(\phi)}} \right)^{\frac{1}{n}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

In Equation (2), the image brightness scales characteristics of thedisplay monitor and the user's allowable limit, i.e., a degree ofbrightness that can be perceived by a user, are not taken intoconsideration. In practice, when users are allowed to choose an optionof the highest permissible minimum brightness on a display monitor likeLCD or OLED, different results from those from the modeling describedabove are obtained due to human visual adaptation characteristicsdepending on the illuminance and the effect of external light exerted onthe display monitor.

In other words, under a dark room condition, users showed satisfyingperception levels even on a screen darker than the proposed model andthe minimum perceivable brightness increased as the illuminance becamehigher. Using these users' perception characteristics, the inventionproposes a model for maintaining the minimum perceivable brightness asexpressed in Equation (3):

$\begin{matrix}{L_{T} = \left( {{C_{1}E_{u}^{n}} + C_{2}} \right)^{\frac{1}{n}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$Where E_(u) denotes ambient illuminance, and L_(T) denotes luminance ofa display monitor satisfying the minimum perceivable brightness, i.e.,luminance supplied by the driving module 140. In addition, C₁ and C₂ canbe determined by user experiments under dark and bright room conditions.For example, C₁*EQUATION* and C₂*EQUATION* can be determined by allowinga user to adjust the luminance of a display monitor in a dark roomcondition and a bright office condition (e.g., about 1,000 lux).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a graph produced using minimumperceivable brightness under a dark room condition and an officecondition using Equation (3).

In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis indicates values of ambient illuminancesensed by the illuminance-sensing module 110, and the vertical axisindicates values of illuminance of a display monitor corresponding tothe ambient illuminance.

In the case of an LCD, a display monitor has a linear relationshipbetween luminance and driving power. Thus, driving power of a backlightunit corresponding to the ambient illuminance can be obtained byobtaining a ratio of the luminance value of the vertical axis to themaximum luminance. Even if the relationship between the luminance andthe driving power of the display monitor is not linear, the powerreduction can be easily obtained through power-to-luminance modeling ofthe display monitor.

When the power-to-luminance modeling is applied to an LCD, it can beused to control a backlight unit of the LCD. When the power-to-luminancemodeling is applied to an OLED, which is one of representativeself-emitting displays, it enables low-power driving responsive toambient illuminance in a condition where a mobile device is utilized byproposing standards for dimming brightness of each pixel depending onilluminance.

While the minimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130performs an operation on a display monitor luminance, that is,determines a user's minimum perceivable brightness using the Expression(3), it may store luminance information regarding ambient illuminance ina look-up table (LUT), thereby reducing a quantity of operations andincreasing the efficiency of algorithms.

There are a variety of methods of forming the LUT. In the invention,intervals of ambient illuminance are non-linearly divided to be applieddifferently between a low illumination condition requiring elaborateadjustment and a high illumination condition sensing little change inbrightness, as shown in FIG. 4, and results thereof are stored as shownin Table 1.

TABLE 1 Ambient Illuminance (lux) Brightness (cd/m²)   0  72   8  94 . .. . . .  48 112 . . . . . . 1008 200 1016 200

Once the minimum perceivable brightness is determined in such a manner,the driving-power-level-determination module 120 determines a drivingpower level corresponding to the determined minimum perceivablebrightness in operation S230. To this end, as shown in Table 2,backlight unit luminance values corresponding to the minimum perceivablebrightness and driving power level corresponding to the luminance arepre-stored in the form of a look-up table, and thedriving-power-level-determination module 120 may determine driving powerlevels (%) responsive to the luminance.

TABLE 2 Brightness (cd/m²) Driving Power Level(%)  72 36  94 47 . . . .. . 108 54 112 56 . . . . . . 200 100 

For example, referring to Tables 1 and 2, when the ambient illuminanceis 48 lux, the display monitor luminance is 112 cd/m² and the maximumluminance is 200 cd/m², the driving power level is 56%. Accordingly, 44%(=100−56) power reduction can be achieved. While FIG. 1 shows that thedriving-power-level-determination module 120 and theminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 are separatefrom each other, they can function as a single module, and the resultsshown in Tables 1 and 2 may be stored into an integrated table allowinga driving power level corresponding to ambient illuminance to bedetermined.

The driving module 140 provides a light source for displaying an imageaccording to the determined driving power level in operation S240. Thedisplay module 150 displays the image using the provided light source inoperation S250.

In the case of real-time controlling the power level of the drivingmodule 140 using Equation (3), the display monitor brightness varies ona real-time basis according to illuminance inputs.

However, if a user uses a portable mobile device with an illuminancesensor, values of ambient illuminance sensed vary at any time dependingon carrying angle and delicate movement. Accordingly, an undesirableflickering phenomenon may occur in the display monitor.

Therefore, it is necessary to control the flickering phenomenon byappropriately extending the range of illuminance change and theilluminance variation over time.

To control occurrence of the flickering phenomenon, as shown in FIG. 5,the moving average determination module 115 is provided to determine amoving average of illuminance values sensed by the illuminance-sensingmodule 110 and sampled at appropriate time intervals. Based on valuesresulting from the moving average determination, the minimum perceivablebrightness allowed by a user on the display monitor can be determinedusing Equation (3) or a corresponding look-up table.

The other modules shown in FIG. 5 may be substantially the same as thoseshown in FIG. 1.

In addition, the value of the minimum perceivable brightness determinedby the minimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 may besubjected to a moving average determination to prevent additionalflickering. To perform this purpose, theminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 or thedriving-power-level-determination module 120 may perform a movingaverage determination.

As described above, on the one hand, power consumption can be reduced bydetermining a user's minimum perceivable brightness and adjusting apower level based on the determined user's minimum perceivablebrightness. Power consumption can be further reduced usingcharacteristics of input images. A low-power driving apparatus forachieving such a function is shown in FIG. 6.

Referring to FIG. 6, a low-power driving apparatus 600 according tostill another aspect of the invention includes a first adjusting means601 adjusting driving power according to ambient illuminance, and secondadjusting means 611 adjusting driving power by adjusting image signalvalues based on image information regarding input images. In addition,the low-power driving apparatus 600 includes afinal-power-reduction-amount-determination module 630, a driving module640, and a display module 650. The driving module 640 and the displaymodule 650 correspond to the driving module 140 and the display module150 shown in FIG. 1, respectively.

In addition, the first adjusting means 601 includes anilluminance-sensing module 603, a driving-power-level-determinationmodule 605, a minimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 607,and a first power-reduction-amount-determination module 609. Here, theilluminance-sensing module 603, the driving-power-level-determinationmodule 605 and the minimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module607 correspond to the illuminance-sensing module 110, thedriving-power-level-determination module 120 and theminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module 130 shown in FIG. 1,respectively.

The first power-reduction-amount-determination module 609 determines avalue of α (0<α<1) corresponding to a ratio of the consumption power tothe maximum power based on the driving power level determined by thedriving-power-level-determination module 605.

The second adjusting means 611 includes an image-input module 613, animage information-sampling module 615, an image conversion module 617,and a second power-reduction-amount-determination module 610.

The image-input module 613 receives an image to supply the same to theimage information-sampling module 615.

The image information-sampling module 615 samples image information ofthe received image and identifies image characteristics based on thesampled image information.

The image conversion module 617 converts the image input based on theidentified characteristics and outputs the same to the display module650.

The second power-reduction-amount-determination module 610 determines avalue of β(0<β<1) corresponding to a ratio of the power consumed to themaximum power based on the image characteristics identified by the imageinformation-sampling module 615.

The final-power-reduction-amount-determination module 630 obtains aratio αβ of finally consumed driving power to the maximum power based onthe α value determined by the first power-reduction-amount-determinationmodule 609 and the β value determined by the secondpower-reduction-amount-determination module 610 to then calculate afinal power reduction (1−αβ). Accordingly, the driving module 640reduces the driving power by an amount of 1−αβ to then provide a lightsource corresponding to the reduction amount to the display module 650.

Hereinafter, a method of implementing low-power driving using the imageinformation will be described in detail.

First, the image information-sampling module 615 classifies input imagesinto a predetermined number of image categories according to a luminancedistribution of the input images. In more detail, the input images areclassified into the predetermined number of image categories having themost similar characteristics to luminance histogram characteristics ofthe input images among image categories having differentcharacteristics.

Here, the image categories mean models representing luminancedistribution characteristics of various images, and types and numbers ofimage categories may be previously defined.

In order to generate a luminance histogram for a luminance distributionof the input images, it is necessary to obtain luminance values of therespective pixels of the input images. In an embodiment, in order toobtain the luminance values, the image information-sampling module 615may use the NTSC (National Television Systems Committee) standardformula as represented by Equation (4):Y=0.288R+0.576G+0.114B  (4)where R, G and B indicate red, green and blue component values of targetpixels whose luminance values are to be calculated, and Y indicates aluminance value of target pixels.

Equation (4) can be used when a color representing an input image isbased on the RGB color space. If the color representing an input imageis based on another color space, other method can be used to obtain aluminance value. In addition, since the invention is not limited to themethod of obtaining the luminance value, even if the input image isbased on the RGB color space, a method of obtaining the luminance valueother than the NTSC standard formula may be used. If the input image isbased on the luminance value containing color space, the process of theobtaining the luminance value may be skipped.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary luminance histogram of anarbitrary input image according to an aspect of the invention, in whichthe horizontal axis indicates the luminance value of the luminancehistogram. For example, if an input image is an 8-bit image, theluminance value may have a value ranging from 0 to 255. Meanwhile, thevertical axis of the luminance histogram indicates pixel occurrencecorresponding to each luminance value. Here, the pixel occurrencecorresponds to a number of pixels having each luminance value in theinput image.

If the luminance histogram for the input image is generated, the imageinformation-sampling module 615 samples characteristics of the generatedluminance histogram.

The characteristics of the luminance histogram are parameters that canbe used to determine an image category to which an input image belongs.Multiple characteristics may be sampled from a luminance histogram.Which parameter to use as the characteristic of the luminance histogrammay be determined when designing the low-power driving apparatus 600.

The parameters representing characteristics of a luminance histogramaccording to an aspect of the invention will be described with referenceto FIG. 7.

As shown in FIG. 7, luminance ranges can be divided into a low band, amiddle band, and a high band. Here, the luminance ranges mean a numberof tones indicated by a pixel. For example, each pixel constituting an8-bit image may have a luminance value in the range of 0-255, so thatthe 8-bit image luminance may range from 0 to 255.

A boundary between the respective bands may be set at a position atwhich characteristics of a luminance histogram can be represented mostthrough a preliminary experiment. For example, a boundary (L) between alow band and a middle band may be set at 25% lower than the luminanceranges (for an 8-bit image, 63 in luminance value). A boundary (H)between a middle band and a high band may be set 25% higher than theluminance ranges (for an 8-bit image, 191 in luminance value).

Examples of the parameter representing the characteristics of theluminance histogram include HighSUM, LowSUM, MiddleSUM, Mean, ZeroBin,Dynamic Range (“DR”), and the like.

“HighSUM” denotes a number of pixels included in a high band, “LowSUM”denotes a number of pixels included in a low band, and “MiddleSUM”denotes a number of pixels included in a middle band. “Mean” denotes amean value of luminance values of all pixels constituting an input image(to be referred to as a mea luminance value, hereinafter).

“DR” denotes a dynamic range of the luminance value in the luminancehistogram, and can be defined as Max-Min. Here, Max is a luminance valuecorresponding to a case where the sum of occurrences of the respectiveluminance values in the luminance histogram in an ascending orderbecomes 1% of the overall area of the luminance histogram. Min is aluminance value corresponding to a case where the sum of occurrences ofthe respective luminance values in the luminance histogram in adescending order becomes 1% of the overall area of the luminancehistogram.

In the luminance histogram shown in FIG. 7, for example, if an area of afirst area 710 is 1% of the overall luminance histogram area, Max equalsY1, and if an area of a second area 720 is 1% of the overall luminancehistogram area, Min equals Y2. In this case, DR of the luminancehistogram may be Y1-Y2.

“ZeroBin” denotes a number of pixels each having a luminance valuesmaller than a reference value in the luminance range, the referencevalue being set to 10% of the mea luminance value of the respectiveluminance values belonging to the middle band.

In such a manner, luminance histogram characteristics are analyzed andan image category having the most similar characteristics to those ofthe input image is selected. A luminance histogram which can representthe characteristics of the image category according to an aspect of theinvention (to be referred to as a representative histogram, hereinafter)is shown in FIG. 8.

The luminance histogram characteristics of each image category will nowbe described with reference to FIG. 8. That is, an image category Arepresents more pixels belonging to a middle band and less pixelsbelonging to high and low bands. An image category B represents morepixels belonging to a high band. An image category C represents morepixels belonging to a low band. An image category D represents highcontrast images whose pixels are mostly distributed in a high band and alow band. An image category E represents an image whose pixels areuniformly distributed throughout the whole bands. Finally, an imagecategory F represents an image having luminance values discretelydistributed, such as an image generated by graphical work.

The representative luminance histogram for characteristics of each imagecategory shown in FIG. 8 is provided only as an example, and an imagecategory having different luminance histogram characteristics may beused.

When characteristics of the luminance histogram used to classify aninput image include HighSUM, LowSUM, MiddleSUM, Mean, ZeroBin, DynamicRange (“DR”), and the like, and image categories have luminancecharacteristics shown in FIG. 8, the image information-sampling module615 classifies image categories for selection through comparison betweencharacteristic values of each luminance histogram and particularconstants.

Once an image category for the input image is selected in this way, theluminance of input image is adjusted according to a power mode and theimage category to which the input image belongs. Here, the power modeindicates an extent of power consumed by the driving module 640.

For example, a normal power mode indicates that a display device uses amaximum power level, a low-power mode indicates a display device reducedpower consumption to a predetermined extent. The low-power mode mayfurther be divided into multiple low-power modes: a first low-power modein the case where the power reduction is 30%, and a second low-powermode in the case where the power reduction is 60%, for example.

The image conversion module 617 may use a tone-mapping function (TMF)corresponding to an image category to which the input image belongs foreffective image reproduction in a low-power mode. The TMF is a functionindicating an optimized pattern for adjusting the luminance of an imagebelonging to each image category in a low-power mode and provides anoutput luminance value corresponding to an input luminance value. TheTMF may be preset in the image conversion module 617 through apreliminary experiment.

FIG. 9 is a graphical representation illustrating luminance variationsusing the tone-mapping function (TMF) according to an aspect of theinvention. Referring to FIG. 9, curves for luminance variationscorrespond to 6 image categories shown in FIG. 8. In FIG. 9, thehorizontal axis indicates the input luminance value. In the embodiment,the input luminance value is in the range of 0-63 assuming that theinput image is a 6-bit image. In addition, the vertical axis in FIG. 9indicates the luminance variation corresponding to the input luminancevalue.

For example, the luminance of an input image may be varied using thegraphical representation shown in FIG. 9 as follows. That is to say, inthe case where the input image belongs to the image category E, since aluminance increase of pixels having a luminance value of 43 is 0.14, theluminance value of the corresponding pixels is calculated as43+(43*0.14)≈49.

The luminance can be adjusted by fixed gain adjustment and variable gainadjustment, which will now be described in detail.

In the former method, that is, the method of using a fixed gain value, aluminance value of an input image is adjusted using a fixed gain valuedetermined by a power reduction and a TMF corresponding to an imagecategory to which the input image belongs. The luminance value adjustedby the fixed gain value can be expressed by Equation (5):Y _(TMF) _(—) _(out) =Y _(in)+(ΔY _(TMF) ×G _(TMF))  (5)where Y_(TMF) _(—) _(out) is an output luminance value for achieving animage with low-power driving, Y_(in) is a luminance value, and ΔY_(TMF)is a luminance increase based on TMF corresponding to an image categoryto which the input image belongs, i.e., the vertical axis of FIG. 9. Inaddition, G_(TMF) is a gain value corresponding to the power reductionand the same value for all pixels constituting an input image. The valueof G_(TMF) may vary according to the power reduction. For example, thehigher the power reduction, the lower the brightness of a light sourceof a display device (e.g., a backlight of a liquid crystal display(LCD). Accordingly, G_(TMF) may be set to a value that graduallyincreases as the power reduction increases, thereby increasing the imageluminance. An appropriate fixed gain value corresponding to the powerreduction may be preset through a preliminary experiment. Alternatively,the fixed gain value may be determined by the secondpower-reduction-amount-determination module 619.

In the latter method, that is, in the method using a variable gainvalue, a luminance value of an input image is adjusted using a variablegain value determined by a position in the image of the respectivepixels and a TMF corresponding to an image category to which the inputimage belongs. The luminance value adjusted by the variable gain valuecan be expressed by Equation (6):Y _(TMF) _(—) _(out) =Y _(in)+(ΔY _(TMF)×α_(gain)(x,y))  (6)where Y_(TMF) _(—) _(out), Y_(in) and ΔY_(TMF) are the same as definedin Equation (5). In Equation (6), x and y indicate coordinates of pixelswithin the image currently being processed (to be referred to as atarget pixel, hereinafter), and α_(gain)(x,y) is a variable gain valuewhich varies according to the special position of the target pixelwithin the image. The variable gain value may be determined by thesecond power-reduction-amount-determination module 619.

Preferably, the luminance value and the input luminance value aremaintained at the same value by setting the variable gain value to 0 ata central area of the input image while the luminance increase isincreased by maximizing the variable gain value at a peripheral area ofthe input image. In other areas, i.e., areas between the central areaand the peripheral area, the variable gain value is gradually increasedtoward the peripheral area, thereby preventing image distortion due to asharp change in the image brightness.

In order to calculate the variable gain value satisfying suchcharacteristics, a Degaussian function may be used in an aspect of theinvention. First, a Gaussian function according to an aspect of theinvention is expressed as:

$\begin{matrix}{{g\left( {x,y} \right)} = {\frac{1}{2\;\pi\;\sigma^{2}}{\mathbb{e}}^{- \frac{\frac{{({x - \frac{width}{2}})}^{2}}{A} + \frac{{({y - \frac{height}{2}})}^{2}}{B}}{2\;\sigma^{2}}}}} & (7)\end{matrix}$where “width” and “height” are magnitudes of an input image, and A and Bare constants for modifying the Gaussian function into an ellipticalshape according to an aspect ratio of the input image.

From the Gaussian function of Equation (7), a normalized Gaussianfunction is expressed as:

$\begin{matrix}{{f\left( {x,y} \right)} = {1 - \frac{g\left( {x,y} \right)}{\max\left\lbrack {g\left( {x,y} \right)} \right\rbrack}}} & (8)\end{matrix}$

If the Degaussian function of Equation (8) is used, the variable gainvalue can be expressed as:α_(gain)(x,y)=MAX_(gain)·f(x,y)  (9)where MAX_(gain) is the maximum gain value corresponding to an imagecategory to which the input image belongs and may be preset to anappropriate value optimized to adjustment of the input image luminancethrough a preliminary experiment. FIG. 10 shows variable gain valuesallocated to the respective pixels constituting an input image accordingto an aspect of the invention, in which MAX_(gain) is 4 and themagnitude of the input image is 15*20.

In FIG. 10, various blocks indicate the respective pixels constitutingan input image 1000, and a digit in each block indicates a variable gainvalue allocated to each pixel. As shown in FIG. 10, the variable gainvalue 0 is allocated at the central area of the input image 1000, andthe variable gain value 4, which is the maximum gain value, is allocatedat the peripheral area of the input image 1000. The variable gain valueallocated to each pixel gradually increases in the range of 0 and 4 fromthe central area to the peripheral area of the input image 1000.

An image information-extraction module (see 615 of FIG. 6) may controlimage luminance by a fixed gain or a variable gain according to a powermode and the image category to which the input image belongs.Information concerning the power mode may be acquired from an externalmodule (not shown). For example, the information concerning the powermode may be acquired from a controller (not shown) for controlling powerof a driving module (see 640 of FIG. 6).

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an image processing processaccording to an aspect of the invention.

Upon receiving an input image, an image information-extraction module(see 615 of FIG. 6) classifies image categories of the input image basedon luminance characteristics of the input image in operation S1110.

In operation S1120, the image information-sampling module 615 determineswhether the image category to which the input image belongs is aparticular image category or not. Here the particular image category maybe image categories containing abnormal luminance information, such asimage category D, image category F, and so on, or may be preset, asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 8.

In operation S1120, if it is determined that the image category to whichthe input image belongs is a particular image category, an imageconversion module (see 617 of FIG. 6) adjusts input image luminanceusing a fixed gain value determined by a secondpower-reduction-amount-determination module (see 619 of FIG. 6) inoperation S1130.

However, in operation S1120, if it is not determined that the imagecategory to which the input image belongs is a particular imagecategory, the image conversion module 617 adjusts input image luminanceusing a variable gain value determined by the secondpower-reduction-amount-determination module 619 in operation S1140. Theinput image, the luminance of which is adjusted by the fixed gain valueor the variable gain value, is displayed through a display module (see650 FIG. 6). Further, the fixed gain value or the variable gain value istransferred to a final-power-reduction-amount-determination module (see630 of FIG. 6) to be used to determine a final power reduction amount.

Meanwhile, the term “module,” as used herein, refers to, for example,but is not limited to, a software or hardware component, such as a FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specific IntegratedCircuit (ASIC), which performs certain tasks. A module mayadvantageously be configured to reside on the addressable storage mediumand configured to execute on one or more processors. Thus, a module mayinclude, by way of example, components, such as software components,object-oriented software components, class components and taskcomponents, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines,segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data,databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. Thefunctionality provided for in the components and modules may be combinedinto fewer components and modules or further separated into additionalcomponents and modules.

According to the invention, low-power driving of a mobile device in arestricted power supply condition can be implemented by dynamicallycontrolling brightness of a display monitor of the mobile device basedon the ambient condition and image content.

Although several embodiments of the invention have been shown anddescribed, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art thatchanges may be made in these embodiments without departing from theprinciples and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined inthe claims and their equivalents.

1. A low-power driving apparatus comprising: an illuminance-sensingmodule to sense illuminance; aminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module to determine aminimum perceivable brightness having non-linear characteristicscorresponding to the sensed illuminance; adriving-power-level-determination module to determine a power levelbased on the determined minimum perceivable brightness; an imageinformation module to classify an input image into one of imagecategories according to luminance histogram characteristics of the inputimage; a power-reduction determination module to provide gaininformation to adjust the luminance of the input image according to atone-mapping function and according to positions of pixels constitutingthe input image; and a driving module provided with a light source todisplay the input image according to the determined driving power leveland the gain information provided from the power-reduction determinationmodule.
 2. The low-power driving apparatus of claim 1, wherein thedetermined minimum perceivable brightness is expressed as an exponentialfunction of driving power with respect to the sensed illuminance.
 3. Thelow-power driving apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determined minimumperceivable brightness is expressed as an exponential function ofdriving power having constants determined by experiments carried out attwo different locations and the sensed illuminance as a base.
 4. Thelow-power driving apparatus of claim 1, wherein theminimum-perceivable-brightness-determination module determines theminimum perceivable brightness by referring to a look-up table having anilluminance field and a minimum perceivable brightness field, theilluminance field being divided at non-linear intervals.
 5. Thelow-power driving apparatus of claim 4, wherein the look-up table hasdifferent division intervals at low-illuminance areas andhigh-illuminance areas.
 6. A low-power driving method comprising:sensing illuminance; determining a minimum perceivable brightness havingnon-linear characteristics corresponding to the sensed illuminance;classifying an input image into one of image categories according toluminance histogram characteristics of the input image; providing gaininformation for adjusting luminance of the input image according to atone-mapping function and positions of pixels constituting the inputimage; determining a power level based on the determined minimumperceivable brightness; and displaying the input image according to thedetermined driving power level and the gain information.
 7. Thelow-power driving method of claim 6, wherein the determined minimumperceivable brightness is expressed as an exponential function ofdriving power with respect to the sensed illuminance.
 8. The low-powerdriving method of claim 6, wherein the determined minimum perceivablebrightness is expressed as an exponential function of driving powerhaving constants determined by experiments carried out at two differentlocations and the sensed illuminance as a base.
 9. The low-power drivingmethod of claim 6, wherein the determining of the minimum perceivablebrightness comprises determining the minimum perceivable brightness byreferring to a look-up table having an illuminance field and a minimumperceivable brightness field, the illuminance field being divided atnon-linear intervals.
 10. The low-power driving method of claim 9,wherein the look-up table has different division intervals atlow-illuminance areas and high-illuminance areas.
 11. The low-powerdriving apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a moving averagedetermination module to determine a moving average of illuminance sensedby the illuminance-sensing module.
 12. The low-power driving apparatusof claim 11, wherein the minimum-perceivable brightness-determinationmodule or the driving-power-level-determination module perform a movingaverage determination.
 13. The low-power driving apparatus of claim 1,wherein the determined minimum perceivable brightness is expressed as anexponential function having the equation:L _(T)=(C ₁ E _(u) ^(n) +C ₂)^(1/n) wherein, E_(u) denotes an ambientilluminance, L_(T) denotes a luminance provided by the driving moduleaccording to the determined minimum perceivable brightness, and C1 andC2 are constants, wherein n, C1, and C2 are determined according to thedetermined minimum perceivable brightness, based on human visualperception characteristics.
 14. The low-power driving apparatus of claim13, wherein the constants C1 and C2 are further determined according tohuman visual perception characteristics under two different luminanceconditions.
 15. The low-power driving apparatus of claim 1, wherein thegain information to adjust the luminance of the input image according toa tone-mapping function is fixed, and the gain information to adjust theluminance of the input image according to positions of pixelsconstituting the input image is variable, and wherein the driving moduleprovided with a light source displays the input image according to thedetermined driving power level and the fixed and variable gaininformation provided from the power-reduction determination module. 16.The low-power driving method of claim 6, wherein the sensing illuminancefurther comprises determining a moving average of illuminance.
 17. Thelow-power driving method of claim 16, wherein the determining aminimum-perceivable brightness or the determining a power level furthercomprises determining a moving average.
 18. The low-power driving methodof claim 6, wherein the determined minimum perceivable brightness isexpressed as an exponential function having the equation:L _(T)=(C ₁ D _(u) ^(n) +C ₂)^(1/n) wherein, E_(u) denotes an ambientilluminance, L_(T) denotes a luminance provided by the driving moduleaccording to the determined minimum perceivable brightness, and C1 andC2 are constants, wherein n, C1, and C2 are determined according to thedetermined minimum perceivable brightness, based on human visualperception characteristics.
 19. The low-power driving method of claim18, wherein the constants C1 and C2 are further determined according tohuman visual perception characteristics under two different luminanceconditions.
 20. The low-power driving method of claim 6, wherein thegain information for adjusting luminance of the input image according toa tone-mapping function is fixed, and the gain information for adjustingluminance of the input image according to positions of pixelsconstituting the input image is variable, and wherein the input image isdisplayed according to the determined driving power level and the fixedand variable gain information.